1.2 第二课：什么是再生经济？

首先，当今经济学的研究主要集中在产品和服务的创造、交换和消费上。这种描述让人联想到有形存在和交换世界中的资源、劳动力、商业、资本设备等概念。重点放在 与系统性影响的产生无关的商品和服务悄然支持这样一种看法，即在稀缺的零和游戏中既有赢家也有输家 resources are taken, refined, sold, and used up. Adam Smith attempted to apply Newton’s scientific reasoning to human contact with a view to reducing its complications to identifiable material mechanisms guided by universal principles. This effort gave rise to the science of contemporary economics.

是et, Aristotle described economics as the pragmatic science of leading a virtue-filled life as a part of the polis through shrewd family administration in Ancient Greece, which is where the word “economics” originates. This definition provides a totally new framework for considering economics. The family unit is a complete living system that is nested inside bigger community and landscape systems, to start. Second, prudent management is prioritized in a home over output and consumption. Third, a household’s entire business is focused on building stronger, more attractive communities through the attributes that are fostered in their residents.

通过将它们用作种子，它们可以转化为 21 世纪环境的再生框架。最终的家庭是地球本身，正如生态学理解和本土科学的影响告诉我们的那样。当人们将经济学视为对整个地球的审慎管理时，就会开始意识到外部性的概念，或者第三方未选择承担的成本，不再有效。例如，制造业对当地社区造成的污染。相反，必须考虑每项经济行动将如何影响世界及其嵌套的社会生态系统。 The emphasis in a regenerative economy shifts from production and consumption as essentially mechanical activities to smart management as a developmental activity. Aristotle suggests that one needs to plan beyond the present by using the word wisdom. It’s important to consider how the households fits into the interconnected systems of the community and the land, as well as how one’s decisions will affect future generations.

This suggests that an economy with intelligent management aims to increase not only wealth but also everyone’s ability to create wealth. Having a lot of valuable belongings or money that may be utilized in transactions is how most people define wealth. Yet, the word’s etymological root has a collection of connotations that include contentment, success, and wellbeing or health. Hence, at its core, the idea of wealth includes all the things that make it possible for us to survive well.

因此，如果人们要生活在更健康、更有吸引力的社区，后采掘经济需要其人民掌握的基本能力是对整个系统进行智能管理的能力。有人可能会争辩说，经济是由文明创造的，以组织和支持它们自身的进化增长。从再生的角度所需的知识必须基于从封闭甚至开放系统的角度看待世界到在生命系统的背景下看待世界的转变。