4.1 第 1 课：范式的层次

我们称之为范式层次的框架是识别各种经济范式之间差异的最佳方式之一。我们将范式称为认知框架，其中包含在群体成员中广泛共享的基本预设、思维方式和技术。 Individuals are unable to coexist in numerous paradigms at once while maintaining coherence for this reason. It is understandable why so many individuals and organizations are opposed to adopting a new paradigm because doing so would mean letting go of too many beliefs they have about what is real, comfortable, and desirable. But, once a paradigm introduces a fresh, internally consistent method of understanding reality, it invariably replaces the prior one. More dissonance, debility, and even violent conflicts, both internally and externally, ensue from the resisters’ attempts to incorporate the new language and concepts into their preexisting conception of reality.

It’s not uncommon for people to cling to familiar approaches to worldview, despite the fact that doing so makes it harder for them to confront and deal with reality. Hence, we want to make it very obvious that, in our opinion, shifting one’s paradigm of thought is not just desirable or advantageous but also vitally necessary at this point in history.

The framework that follows outlines a collection of paradigms that are understandable and recognisable and frequently influence current dialogue and thought. It also exemplifies the idea that surpassing one’s paradigm comes from a focused attempt to advance. Work at the top level produces the most power and leverage since each level of a paradigm symbolizes an expansion of knowing beyond the paradigms that came before it.

借助这样的框架，人们和组织可以识别指导他们选择的范式，并识别他们的意图和行动之间的任何不一致。由于这一点，他们可能最终会放弃旧范式并真正拥抱新范式。

层次结构中的每个连续级别在处理复杂性和连接系统方面都具有与其下一级不同的能力。当某人从较低的范式开始工作时，他们在可以识别和探索的潜力以及可能产生的价值类型方面受到限制。如果不放弃过时的范式，就不可能看到价值保持在更高的水平。 鉴于这种方法，再生生命层是参与经济实践或政策的最完整、系统和最具影响力的场所。

It’s crucial to realize that this framework doesn’t really represent activity or doing levels. This use of it can be dangerous since it leads one to believe that different types of activities are both required and beneficial. This hides the reality that paradigms are about ment, not activity. People’s perceptions of information, their ability to make sense of it, and the potential outcomes they are able to imagine are all influenced by their paradigms. This implies that according to the stage of paradigm through which it is engaged, the identical subject or activity will appear entirely different. 对熟悉的任务和例程严格采用新方法的必要性以及忘却和放弃将一个人束缚于旧范式的认知模式的要求是采用新范式的两个最大障碍。